Tamils live with adverse Psychosocial Index

S.Jackganan

Psychosocial Index

1. I was narrowly escaped death.
2. I was threatening to death if I failed to obey orders.
3. I walked long distance without rest.
4. I thought I was killed
5. I saw others being arrested.
6. I thought I would never see any of my relatives again.
7. I carried heavy loads over long distances.
8. I saw seriously wounded people.
9. I saw shattered dead bodies and parts of the human bodies.
10. I was beaten in captivity.
11. They removed my cloths.
12. I voluntarily escaped from captivity.
13. I heard people were screaming for help.
14. I saw people are dying due to starvation.
15. I was sexually abused.
16. I saw people were killed by knife.
17. I was hungry nearly starved to death
18. I was imprisoned.
19. I drop out from school.
20. I lost my family members.
21. I survived after severe torture.
22. I have survived from aerial bombardment and shelling.
23. I am the only survivor in the family.
24. I have witnessed my family members being killed.
25. I have witnessed my family members get injured.

Psycho-Social-Index   =     n  x  4% 

                                                 100  

Psychosocial Signs observed

1. Malnourished and emaciated
2. Dry lips
3. Poor hygiene
4. Chest infections and cough
5. Fever
6. Amenorrhoea
7. Dermatological complains – rashes, scars, wounds etc. Fungal infection
8.  Excessive sweating
9. Muscular pain
10. Twitching eyes
11. Pelvic pains
12. Waistline ache
13. Stomach pains
14. Joint pain
15. General fatigue

Emotional signs observed

1. Despondency
2. Anxiety
3. Fears and worries
4. Stress
5. Depression
6. Irritability
7. Frustration
8. Disillusionment
9. Hopelessness
10. Crying, screaming and groaning
11. Phobias related torture, blast.

Cognitive signs observed

1. Intrusive thoughts
2. Confusion
3. Late of concentration
4. Memory loss
5. Incoherent speech pattern
6. Sadness
7. Psychological impact of war and sexual abuse
8. Removes adolescent are up to six times more likely than male adolescent to develop PTSD.

Behavioural signs observed

1. Crying
2. Nightmares and sleep disturbances
3. Lack of self case
4. Day dreaming
5. Thumb sucking
6. Enuresis
7. Repetitive play
8. Extreme suspicion
9. Less concentrated activities
10. Reckless and sometimes self-destructive actions.
11. Loss of interest in play games
12. Social withdrawal
13. Difficulty in staying one place for long

Sexually related complicity observed

1. Abdominal pains
2. Waistline pains
3. Back ach
4. Vaginal candidness (White discharge)
5. Genital wards / Gonorrhoea / Syphilis / Genital herpes / Amenorrhoea / Pelvic inflammatory disease
6. Abnormal vaginal discharge
7. Forceful birth control
8. Female adolescent

Since the mothers  were implanted with  contraceptive medications they developed  irregular  menstrual bleeding  frequently and their sexual relation with the  partner was not satisfactory It made  family  problems.

Ecological Perspective of Gendered Violence and inequality in Northern Sri Lanka after Math of 2009